Here’s a link to photographer’s rights from the ACLU. These are the rights of citizens, rights (among so many others) that they have as citizens.
The linked page includes information on (1) general rights, (2) what to do if one is stopped for taking lawful pictures, (3) special considerations for video recording, (4) taking photographs at the airport, and (5) other links for information on lawfully photographing and filming authorities during the course of their ordinary duties.
See, Know Your Rights: Photographers | American Civil Liberties Union.