FREE WHITEWATER

Daily Bread: June 25, 2009

Good morning, Whitewater

It’s the anniversary of the Battle of the Little Big Horn today. Wired‘s This Day in Tech column asks, “Was Custer Outgunned at Little Bighorn?” —

Tactical blunders and faulty intelligence work contributed heavily to one of the worst defeats ever sustained by the U.S. Army during its protracted campaign to subjugate the Plains Indians, but technology may have played a role, too. Simply put, the Indians may have come to the battlefield in eastern Montana better equipped to fight than the 7th Cavalry troopers. Odd, considering the mercurial brevet Maj. Gen. Custer was leading the spear tip of a force ordered to compel the rebellious Indians to return to their reservations, or else annihilate them.

If the Indians were, in fact, better armed at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, Custer may have contributed to the situation by declining to include Gatling guns in his van. Because he was setting off on what amounted to a search-and-destroy mission, he argued that the Gatlings were too cumbersome and would only slow him down.

At the point where he was surrounded and outnumbered by a ratio as high as 9-to-1, he probably regretted making that choice. In such a dire situation, the Gatling gun would have considerably reduced the enemy’s numerical advantage and may have even proven decisive in turning the tide.

Here’s today’s almanac —

Almanac
Thursday, June 25, 2009 Sunrise Sunset
Official Time 05:17 AM 08:37 PM
Civil Twilight 04:42 AM 09:12 PM
Tomorrow 05:17 AM 08:37 PM
Tomorrow will be: roughly the same as today
Amount of sunlight: 15h 20m
Amount of daylight: 16h 30m
Moon phase: Waxing crescent

more >>

Daily Bread: June 24, 2009

Here’s today’s almanac —

Almanac
Wednesday, June 24, 2009 Sunrise Sunset
Official Time 05:17 AM 08:37 PM
Civil Twilight 04:41 AM 09:12 PM
Tomorrow 05:17 AM 08:37 PM
Tomorrow will be: roughly the same as today
Amount of sunlight: 15h 20m
Amount of daylight: 16h 31m
Moon phase: Waxing crescent

more >>

Daily Bread: June 23, 2009

Good morning, Whitewater

There are no City of Whitewater public meetings scheduled for today.

From the Wisconsin Historical Society, an entry I missed from yesterday —

1943 – McCarthy Breaks Leg in Drunken Accident

On this date future senator Joseph McCarthy broke his leg during a drunken Marine Corps initiation ceremony, despite a press release and other claims that he was hurt in “military action.” Although nicknamed “Tail Gunner Joe”, McCarthy never was a tail gunner, but instead served at a desk as an intelligence officer. In 1951 he applied for medals, including the Distinguished Flying Cross, awarded to those who had flown at least 25 combat missions. The Marine Corps has records of only 11 combat flights McCarthy flew on, and those were described as local “milk run” flights. Many of McCarthy’s claims were disputed by political opponents as well as journalists.

And on this date in history, from Wired, the device before the keyboard, recounted in a story entitled, “June 23, 1868: Tap, Tap, Tap, Tap, Tap … Ding!” —

1868: U.S. Patent No. 79,265 is issued for a type-writing machine. Surely, we have now reached the pinnacle of human communication.

Christopher Latham Sholes’ machine was not the first typewriter. It wasn’t even the first typewriter to receive a patent. But it was the first typewriter to have actual practical value for the individual, so it became the first machine to be mass-produced.

With the help of two partners, Sholes, a printer-publisher from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, perfected his typewriter in 1867. After receiving his patent, Sholes licensed it to Remington & Sons, the famous gunmaker. The first commercial typewriter, the Remington Model 1, hit the shelves in 1873….

Here’s today’s almanac —

Almanac
Tuesday, June 23, 2009 Sunrise Sunset
Official Time 05:16 AM 08:37 PM
Civil Twilight 04:41 AM 09:12 PM
Tomorrow 05:17 AM 08:37 PM
Tomorrow will be: 1 minute shorter
Amount of sunlight: 15h 21m
Amount of daylight: 16h 31m
Moon phase: New Moon

more >>

Email to Germany — Whitewater, Wisconsin’s Suggestions for the Name of a New Element!

Prof. Dr. Sigurd Hofmann
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
Planckstr. 1
64291 Darmstadt
S. Hofmann@gsi.de
http://www.gsi.de

cc:
Angela Merkel, Bundeskanzlerin der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, angela.merkel@bundestag.de

Per E-Mail und Blog-Post

Guten Tag, Prof. Dr. Hofmann,

Ich möchte diese Gelegenheit nutzen, Sie zu beglückwünschen, und alle Mitglieder Ihres Teams an der GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, für die Entdeckung einer neuen, super-schweres Element, jetzt die Nummer 112 über das Periodensystem. Mein Name ist John Adams, und ich bin ein Blogger aus pseudonyme Whitewater, Wisconsin. Ich schreibe, wie ein privater Bürger, über lokale Angelegenheiten im Wildwasser, eine kleine Stadt von etwa vierzehn-tausend Menschen zwischen Milwaukee und Madison, unserer Landeshauptstadt. (Sie können mit Milwaukee, wie unter seiner Nummer gibt es wahrscheinlich einige, die gerne Bier so viel wie das deutsche Volk angeblich tun.)

Hier in Whitewater, wir gerne die Nachricht von Ihnen entdeckt zu werden. Ich fragte einige meiner Leser, wenn sie könnte, wie es, einen Namen für Ihre ständige finden. Ich bin sicher, dass viele andere haben Sie Vorschläge, aus ganz Europa, Nordamerika und Asien. Sie müssen in der Kommunikation mit einigen der weltweit Erweiterte Geist , die meisten gelernt Wissenschaftler , die meisten bemerkenswerte Wissenschaftler .

Hier in Whitewater, bieten wir …. etwas anderes – der ehrlich zu Gott, auf die Erde, gesunden, amerikanischen Kleinstadt-Werte, die Hollywood-Studios und Publishing-Konglomerate wurden Trompeten für Sie seit nicht allzu langer Zeit nach dem Kaiser-Wilhelm-nahmen ein Pulver. Zugegeben, wir haben keine Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GSI, keine Universität von Paris, nicht Oxford. Im Wildwasser, tatsächlich, viele von uns noch nicht einmal tragen Oxfords.

Wir bieten Ihnen etwas besser – wir haben die Bestimmung, die Verpflichtung, die wahnsinnig Überzeugung, dass wir etwas besser, wenn wir uns nur wiederholen, so viel, bis die Lungen Zusammenbruch. Es ist, was aus Amerika groß, alle diese Probleme der gegenwärtigen Rezession unbeschadet.

Warum wählen Sie einen Namen von einigen Lust Ort , wenn Sie sich schon einen Namen hat, dass wir vorgeschlagen? Der Name, den Sie wird für alle Zeit Bestand haben, solange die Wissenschaft und Vernunft auf diesem Planeten überleben. Man kann nicht vorsichtig genug sein mit einer Auswahl von dieser Größenordnung, der Import – eine nichtssagende, konventionelle Name wird nicht .

Hier sind einige der Vorschläge, die ich erhalten haben, darunter auch einige, die sind in der Nähe Variationen von jeder anderen. Ich habe auch beseitigt werden, die einfach zu seltsam. Ich habe nicht die Absicht Einen eine Art der internationalen wissenschaftlichen Streit.

Ich habe nicht die Vorschläge in einer bestimmten Reihenfolge, aber ich habe ein paar Anmerkungen nach jedem.

Obamium – Eine Hommage an unseren neuen Präsidenten, und jemand, der hat, nach allem, gewinnen unsere kleine Stadt der Abstimmung praktisch.

Chenium – Zu Ehren der ehemaligen Vice President. Ich glaube nicht, dass er jemals besucht unsere Stadt, aber wenn er getan hat, ich bin mir sicher, er würde Liebe it.

Dreamtonium – Die Idee der Whitewater wie ein Traum der Stadt, auf der Grundlage der fehlerhaften – fast Spinner – Berufung auf eine Umfrage, dass der Aufschrift unserer gesamten Landkreis von 100.000 als “Whitewater. ” (Siehe Städtische Übertreibung – Dream Städten. ) Sie haben Ihre Propaganda, wir haben unsere.

Coanitonium – ich entlang dieser Verweis auf Whitewater, Wisconsin Polizei-Chef James Coan, aber es wäre nicht meine erste Wahl. Es ist fair zu sagen, dass ich meine Zweifel über seine Führung. Aber wenn er unsterblich, da ein Element, dass nur Sticks-Runde für eine wirklich kurze Zeit, ich würde sagen, es lohnt sich.

Prattnium – zu Ehren des Pratt Institute, ein Zentrum des Spiritismus früher in Whitewater. Ich habe keine Ahnung, ob Spiritismus ist groß in Deutschland, aber Sie sind die Heimat von Wagner, und eine über mystische Oper nach der anderen.

Die besten Wünsche an Sie, Prof. Dr. Hofmann, auf Ihr Team, und für alle Menschen in der Bundesrepublik. Vielen Dank für Ihre Beiträge zur Wissenschaft und zur Zukunft der Forschung zum Nutzen aller Völker.

Mit freundlichen Grüßen,

John Adams

English language version

Prof. Dr. Sigurd Hofmann
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
Planckstr. 1
64291 Darmstadt
S.Hofmann@gsi.de
http://www.gsi.de

cc:
Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany, angela.merkel@bundestag.de

VIA EMAIL and BLOG POST

Good day, Prof. Dr. Hofmann,

I would like to take this opportunity to congratulate you, and all the members of your team at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, for your discovery of a new, super-heavy element, now Number 112 on the Periodic Table. My name is John Adams, and I am a pseudonymous blogger from Whitewater, Wisconsin. I write, as a private citizen, about local affairs in Whitewater, a small town of about fourteen-thousand people located between Milwaukee and Madison, our state capital. (You may be familiar with Milwaukee, as among its number there are probably quite a few who enjoy beer as much as the German people reportedly do.)

Here in Whitewater, we happily received news of your discovery. I asked some of my readers if they might like to suggest a permanent name for your find. I am sure that many others have offered you suggestions, from across Europe, North America, and Asia. You must be in communication with some of the world’s most advanced minds, most learned scholars, most notable scientists.

Here in Whitewater, we offer….something else — the honest-to-God, down to earth, wholesome, small-town American values that Hollywood studios and publishing conglomerates have been trumpeting to you since not long after Kaiser Wilhelm took a powder. Admittedly, we’ve no GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, no University of Paris, no Oxford. In Whitewater, actually, many of us don’t even wear oxfords.

We offer something better — we have the determination, the commitment, the maniacal conviction that we have something better, if only we would repeat as much until our lungs collapse. It’s what’s made America great, all this trouble of the current recession notwithstanding.

Why pick a name from some fancy place, when you could have a name that we suggested? The name that you choose will endure for all time, as long as science and reason survive on this planet. You cannot be too careful with a choice of this magnitude, of this import — a bland, conventional name will not do.

Here are some of the suggestions that I’ve received, including some that are close variations of each other. I’ve also eliminated ones that are just too odd. I have no intention of sparking a some sort of international scientific dispute.

I’ve not listed the suggestions in any particular order, but I have a few comments after each.

Obamium — A tribute to our new president, and someone who did, after all, win our small city’s vote handily.

Chenium — In honor of our former vice president. I don’t think he ever visited our town, but if he did, I am sure he would love it.

Dreamtonium — The idea of Whitewater as a dream town, based on the erroneous — nearly screwball — reliance on a survey that labeled our entire county of 100,000 as “Whitewater.” (See, Municipal Exaggeration — Dream towns.) You’ve had your propaganda; we have ours.

Coanitonium — I’ll pass along this reference to Whitewater, Wisconsin’s police chief, James Coan, but it would not be my first choice. It’s fair to say that I have my doubts about his leadership. But if he’s immortalized as an element that only sticks round for a really short while, I’d say it’s worth it.

Prattnium — Named in honor of the Pratt Institute, a center of spiritualism formerly located in Whitewater. I have no idea if spiritualism is big in Germany, but you guys are the home of Wagner, and one über mystical opera after another.

Best wishes to you, Prof. Dr. Hofmann, to your team, and to all the people of the Federal Republic. Thank you for your contributions to science, and to future research to benefit all peoples.

Yours truly,

John Adams

Daily Bread: June 19, 2009

Good morning, Whitewater 

Here’s today’s almanac —

Almanac
Friday, June 19, 2009 Sunrise Sunset
Official Time 05:16 AM 08:36 PM
Civil Twilight 04:40 AM 09:11 PM
Tomorrow 05:16 AM 08:36 PM
Tomorrow will be: roughly same as today
Amount of sunlight: 15h 20m
Amount of daylight: 16h 31m
Moon phase: Waning crescent

more >>

Daily Bread: June 18, 2009

Good morning, Whitewater

In the City of Whitewater today, there are no public meetings scheduled.

On this day in history, in 1812, the War of 1812 began:

The day after the Senate followed the House of Representatives in voting to declare war against Great Britain, President James Madison signs the declaration into law–and the War of 1812 begins. The American war declaration, opposed by a sizable minority in Congress, had been called in response to the British economic blockade of France, the induction of American seaman into the British Royal Navy against their will, and the British support of hostile Indian tribes along the Great Lakes frontier.

A faction of Congress known as the “War Hawks” had been advocating war with Britain for several years and had not hidden their hopes that a U.S. invasion of Canada might result in significant territorial land gains for the United States.

In the months after President Madison proclaimed the state of war to be in effect, American forces launched a three-point invasion of Canada, all of which were decisively unsuccessful. In 1814, with Napoleon Bonaparte’s French Empire collapsing, the British were able to allocate more military resources to the American war, and Washington, D.C., fell to the British in August. In Washington, British troops burned the White House, the Capitol, and other buildings in retaliation for the earlier burning of government buildings in Canada by U.S. soldiers.

In September, the tide of the war turned when Thomas Macdonough’s American naval force won a decisive victory at the Battle of Plattsburg Bay on Lake Champlain. The invading British army was forced to retreat back into Canada. The American victory on Lake Champlain led to the conclusion of U.S.-British peace negotiations in Belgium, and on December 24, 1814, the Treaty of Ghent was signed, formally ending the War of 1812. By the terms of the agreement, all conquered territory was to be returned, and a commission would be established to settle the boundary of the United States and Canada.

British forces assailing the Gulf Coast were not informed of the treaty in time, and on January 8, 1815, the U.S. forces under Andrew Jackson achieved the greatest American victory of the war at the Battle of New Orleans. The American public heard of Jackson’s victory and the Treaty of Ghent at approximately the same time, fostering a greater sentiment of self-confidence and shared identity throughout the young republic.

Almanac
Thursday, June 18, 2009 Sunrise Sunset
Official Time 05:15 AM 08:36 PM
Civil Twilight 04:40 AM 09:11 PM
Tomorrow 05:15 AM 08:36 PM
Tomorrow will be: 1 minute shorter
Amount of sunlight: 15h 21m
Amount of daylight: 16h 31m
Moon phase: Waning crescent

more >>

John McPoland’s Blog, Fighting Words, at the Janesville Gazette

Over at the Janesville Gazette, John McPoland has a blog entitled, Fighting Words: One Man’s Battle Against Cancer

It’s a fine blog, and if you’ve not had a chance to read it, stopping by today, for McPoland’s entry, A New Companion, will show why it’s a blog well-worth frequenting.     

Quick note: I have no connection to the Gazette, have never met John McPoland, and nothing about my recommendation has any political meaning.  The world’s filled with worthy efforts wholly apart from politics.  Fighting Words is one of them.  

Enjoy.    

http://www.gazettextra.com/weblogs/fighting-words-one-mans-battle-against-cancer/2009/jun/16/new-companion/ 

The Trip of a Lifetime: Jolly Ol’ England! 

 I’ve received emails about a court ruling from England, in which an English judge ruled against the right of anonymity for a blogger.  The ruling’s specific and technical, and of no precedent for America.  Britain does not have a written constitution, unlike America, France, or Japan, for example.  Her system of government is unlike our own in several principal respects — a constitutional monarchy, without a written constitution, dependent on custom and Parliament for her laws and constitutional order, with a government (administration) derived from and dependent on her legislature.  

I’m quite sure that Britain hasn’t produced a single worthy man since Churchill, nor a single worthy woman since Thatcher.  

I have absolutely no concern about this English ruling; on the contrary, it’s a great opportunity….for Whitewater’s very own, City Manager Brunner and Police Chief Coan.  

I have noticed how very much Whitewater Police Chief Jim Coan likes to travel.  (See,  What Happens in Vegas…)  Why should he limit himself to America, and ride alongs with American police forces?  Why not fly across the Atlantic, and spend some time — as much as he’d like, really — in England? 

He could visit Scotland Yard, try to find 221B Baker Street, or help Britain’s finest minds determine the true identity of Jack the Ripper, etc.  (After all, Coan did such good work tried as best as he’s probably able as sleuth here in Whitewater, Wisconsin.) 

And for our City Manager, Kevin Brunner, I’d guess England would be equally inviting.  Our city manager loves quotations, and the English are always saying something pithy, or at least, it sounds like they are.  (See, Quotations, Rights, and Hope). They’re very big on politeness, on being well-mannered, on the look and feel of civilization intself.  

Messrs. Coan and Brunner could while away their afternoons in a posh salon, near Cambridge, thinking about Plato, a unified field theory, the power of PowerPoint, re-accreditation, Shakespeare, whatever.    

Best of all, it’s now harder than ever to criticize a self-interested politician public servant in Britain.  They could do whatever they wanted, without criticism from anonymous bloggers, and nothing but a compliant press and local incumbent politician’s website on their side. 

Woo!  How’s that not fun?  

Every local American bureaucrat’s dream: Britain — The Way America Should Be™. 

Let it not be said — because it would be so unfair — that I’ll not do my part, to make this trip of a lifetime possible.   

Here’s a quick itinerary that I think would work so very well — American Flight 3972, leaving Milwaukee for Chicago at 8:35 a.m. on June 18th, connecting in Chicago O’Hare with American 0086, leaving Chicago for London’s Heathrow. 

First Class, with tea and crumpets, too, probably, or fish and chips, or whatever English people eat.  

I know that it’s quick notice, but there’d be a day to pack, and England’s dark, dank, and foggy, so there’d be no need to run out for suntan lotion, even.  It’s always better to travel light, anyway.  

They’d love it, and we’d be just as happy, I wouldn’t wonder.  

Cheerio!

Daily Bread: June 17, 2009

Good morning, Whitewater

In the City of Whitewater today, there are no public meetings scheduled.

It is a fine anniversary in American and French history — on this date in 1885, the Statue of Liberty arrived in America:

The Statue of Liberty, a gift of friendship from the people of France to the people of the United States, arrives in New York City’s harbor.

Originally known as “Liberty Enlightening the World,” the statue was proposed by French historian Edouard Laboulaye to commemorate the Franco-American alliance during the American Revolution. Designed by French sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, the 151-foot statue was the form of a woman with an uplifted arm holding a torch.

In February 1877, Congress approved the use of a site on New York Bedloe’s Island, which was suggested by Bartholdi. In May 1884, the statue was completed in France, and three months later the Americans laid the cornerstone for its pedestal in New York. On June 19, 1885, the dismantled Statue of Liberty arrived in the New World, enclosed in more than 200 packing cases. Its copper sheets were reassembled, and the last rivet of the monument was fitted on October 28, 1886, during a dedication presided over by U.S. President Grover Cleveland.

On the pedestal was inscribed “The New Colossus,” a famous sonnet by American poet Emma Lazarus that welcomed immigrants to the United States with the declaration, “Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, / The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. / Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me. / I lift my lamp beside the golden door.” Six years later, Ellis Island, adjacent to Bedloe’s Island, opened as the chief entry station for immigrants to the United States, and for the next 32 years more than 12 million immigrants were welcomed into New York harbor by the sight of “Lady Liberty.”

In 1924, the Statue of Liberty was made a national monument.

Almanac
Wednesday, June 17, 2009 Sunrise Sunset
Official Time 05:15 AM 08:35 PM
Civil Twilight 04:40 AM 09:11 PM
Tomorrow 05:15 AM 08:36 PM
Tomorrow will be: 1 minute longer
Amount of sunlight: 15h 20m
Amount of daylight: 16h 31m
Moon phase: Waning crescent

more >>

Daily Bread: June 16, 2009

Good morning, Whitewater

In the City of Whitewater today, there’s a Common Council meeting tonight at 6:30 p.m. The agenda is available online.

Over at the website of the Wisconsin Historical Society, there’s a surprising entry:

1845 – First Free Public School Opened in Wisconsin
On this date the first free public school in Wisconsin was opened in Southport (now Kenosha). Michael Frank, a member of the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature, introduced bills authorizing the establishment of a Wisconsin public school system in 1843, 1844, and 1845. These attempts were failures so Frank sponsored a bill authorizing Southport to establish a public school supported by property tax dollars. [Source: Wisconsin Mosaic]

In all the world, this may have been the first, and was surely the last, time that a public school was free.

Almanac
Tuesday, June 16, 2009 Sunrise Sunset
Official Time 05:15 AM 08:35 PM
Civil Twilight 04:40 AM 09:10 PM
Tomorrow 05:15 AM 08:35 PM
Tomorrow will be: roughly the same as today
Amount of sunlight: 15h 20m
Amount of daylight: 16h 30m
Moon phase: Waning crescent

more >>

Prisoner Monday

Continuing for the next few weeks, it’s Prisoner Monday here at Free Whitewater. Why? Because a longtime reader previously suggested to me that being in Whitewater sometimes felt like living the plot of The Prisoner.

It’s a great British series, that tells the story of a secret agent who resigns from his agency, only to find himself in a mysterious place called The Village.

AMC has the full episodes of the original series online, and also offers one-minute summaries of those original episodes. I’ve previously posted the first fifteen videos.

Here’s the sixteenth, one-minute summary, of an episode entitled, “Once Upon a Time.” (“No. 6 faces ruthless interrogation, taken to the extreme degree, in an effort to make him reveal why he resigned from his top secret job.”)

The full video is also available at AMC.

Enjoy.

more >>

Daily Bread: June 15, 2009

Good morning, Whitewater

In the City of Whitewater today, there are three municipal public meetings scheduled.

At 3:30 p.m, the Whitewater-University Tech Park Board will meet. At 6 p.m., there will be a Planning Commission meeting. later, at 7 p.m., the Irvin Young Library Board will meet.

In our public school district this morning, there’s a Special Meeting (part of which being in closed session), with the following agenda –

Call to Order and Roll Call
Personnel Report (Action Item)
Employment
Resignation
Leave of Absence
Rescind Layoff Notice for 5th Grade Band Teacher
School Board Travel and Overnight Accommodations
Update with New District Administrator
Executive Session: Adjourn to Executive Session, not to reconvene, pursuant to $19.85(1)(c), Wisconsin Statutes, to consider the retirement request of a specific employee.
Adjourn

There’s also an announcement on the home page of the Whitewater Unified School District website, about the band program. It reads as follows:

5th Grade Band Reinstated for 2009-10
Dr. Steinhaus announced that 5th grade band, which the district had eliminated for 2009-10 due to the Governor’s proposed budget cuts, has been reinstated for the 2009-10 school year.

It’s good that the band program is back. One should keep in mind that it wasn’t Governor Doyle who decided which program to cut — it’s not as though proposed budget cuts in Madison included a mandate to eliminate part of a band program!

It’s our own district that made this choice, out of many possible ones.

Pretending otherwise is just blame-shifting to avoid responsibility for actions taken locally, in Whitewater, not Madison.

By the way — Lakeview School — Dr. Steinhaus is almost out the door, so your school’s probably safe. A few weeks and you’ll be able to breathe easy.

Almanac
Monday, June 15, 2009 Sunrise Sunset
Official Time 05:15 AM 08:35 PM
Civil Twilight 04:40 AM 09:10 PM
Tomorrow 05:15 AM 08:35 PM
Tomorrow will be: roughly the same as today
Amount of sunlight: 15h 20m
Amount of daylight: 16h 30m
Moon phase: Third Quarter

more >>

Poll Results: What’s the best, first option for budget cuts for a city or school district?

Here are the results from my highly unscientific, not-at-all professional poll on options for budget cuts for a city or school district.

Reduction in benefits came as the leading answer — far above employee layoffs, tax increases, salary reductions, or reductions in services.

There’s more than one way to address a shortfall, and when city or public school district officials insist that employee layoffs had to happen because of a reduction in state aid — well, it’s just not true.