Here’s a unique cartoon: Mickey Mouse and Greta Garbo. Who exits, on the left, as Garbo pursues Mickey? Groucho Marx. Mickey, Grabo, and Groucho — that’s great casting. Enjoy.
City
Your Messy House? My Better Plan!
by JOHN ADAMS •
I received an email from a reader who wrote about how the City of Whitewater had delivered notices to property owners who were allegedly in violation of one municipal ordinance or another. I have not received a notice like that, but I was aware that the city was sending them out. Here’s a bit of what the reader’s email said:
You may or may not know the city sent many of us nasty-grams about things the city doesn’t like about the way we keep our property up. Yea, I got one …. [someone] got a copy of the list of all the BAD people. I did notice the city wrote a citizen up on having shingles that were curling and needed to be replaced. Got another one for some storm window thing, another for not clearing her garden out, yet she was still harvesting vegetables.
It’s unsurprising that these notices rapidly descend from serious concerns to petty, cosmetic objections. We have a problem with enforcement bias and overzealous enforcement in this small town. (It’s one of the reasons that I life here isn’t yet quaint.) Aside from those few matters that represent safety concerns, most of this is just a few people trying to feel important, or exacting, or somehow elevated by delivering objections to others. A man does not make himself bigger through petty complaints designed to make others seem small.
There’s nothing especially elevated, clever, or enlightened in our code enforcement group. It’s not that they’re worse than others; it’s that they and their friends are no better. If you took pictures of their houses, and their friends’ houses, you’d find nothing special, and at least a few things out of order. (Would you – as I would — guess that those homes have not been cited as rigorously?)
Do you really think a few plants are the biggest problem of municipal safety or civic appearance? I can think of a greater challenges that we face. If Whitewater would direct its efforts to these greater needs, we’d all be better off. Consider these threats to safety and civic beauty:
Unattractive people, whose appearance shatters glass, terrifies fellow residents, and offers an unfair advantage at Halloween.
Unfashionable women, who wear the wrong makeup, or wear clothing that’s too revealing, or out-of-style. Sometimes people are sloppy and look bad. (Sorry for being so technical — “Look bad” is term of art used in the code enforcement services to describe the aesthetic failings of ordinary, untrained residents.) Our community should not have to put up with these distractions.
What about men who wear pungent cologne, or worse still, those who refuse to bathe? If people thought that open fires were malodorous, consider the problem of the overly ripe among us. If the City of Whitewater cannot keep our air fresh, what’s the point of a municipality at all? The tribes that lived here before our arrival enjoyed unpolluted air, yet we endure mediocre conditions because our neighborhood services unit cannot identify real, and smelly, nuisances.
What about people who have artificial squirrels on their roofs? No one should have a fake rodent on his roof, for three reasons. First, it’s a fake rodent. Second, rats are rodents, and that’s really all one needs to know. Third, these fake squirrels may be confusing to real squirrels, leading to fights, or unfortunate romantic attempts, offering only injury and embarrassment to the real McCoy.
Code Enforcers of Whitewater – look to these serious problems, and earn the thanks of your community!
City, Development, Economy, Free Markets
Planning Commission Meeting for November 12, 2007, Part 2
by JOHN ADAMS •
This is Part 2 of my commentary on the Planning Commission meeting for November 12, 2007. (Here’s the link to Part 1.)
Apartments at the old Hallmark Location
Why are residential tenants worse than vacancies? Empty retail spaces are worse than occasional litter and disturbances from residential tenants. They’re a sign of our lack of vitality, our failure to promote incentives, and our perverse conclusion that nothing is better than an imperfect something. Vacancies make us weaker, and more vulnerable, to the next recession or unfortunate event.
Brodnicki and Bowen, Again.
Neither one can offer a tenant for the space, but they want to stop a plan that a private owner proposes. Odd, and laughable, was Brodnicki’s suggestion that she wants to attract young couples and empty nesters, those who “have money, who want to spend money in our downtown.” Fine — but that’s not the choice you face, is it? It’s a choice between first floor apartments and nothing but vacant space. What might go in the vacant space doesn’t matter — what will take the space matters. You’re not signing the deed, a private investor is doing that.
If part of one’s job is to recruit businesses to our downtown, and yet one is not attracting the businesses that one would like, perhaps a little humility would be in order. I suggest accepting those who will take the space, rather than insisting on one’s way or nothing. Nothing is good for…nothing. People in town might like to see all sorts of businesses, but if those businesses don’t show up, then we’re all left staring at is emptiness.
Bookstores? I’m sure there are people who want bookstores, but that’s a weak hope. Amazon, BN, and Wal-Mart have killed the independent bookstore, and that’s killed as in ‘not coming back.’
After listening to Brodnicki’s petulant, irritable presentation, I almost longed for the return of the politician-dentist. Almost.
America’s booming, with impressive growth and job creation, and yet we’re still beset by vacant storefronts. In July, I ran a post entitled, Vacant Whitewater,” showing empty storefronts. Several people rushed to tell me how upsetting it was to the current administration, with accompanying vows never to read this supposedly negative website.
I was unmoved then; I have three responses now.
First, the problem with these vacancies is not a problem for some well-paid municipal official. It’s a problem for the community. Some public official’s eggshell sensibilities are not the biggest problem in Whitewater – they’re not even on a list of the top 500 problems worthy of consideration. If the commentary in this site troubles a municipal official, then he or she is ill-prepared to lead. There’s free, robust commentary in cities across America. Many politicians, all over America, handle far more serious criticism with equanimity. We can, and should expect, that we can handle commentary as well as those in other cities.
Second, these properties are still vacant.
Third, one writes what one believes, and I’ll not trim my sails to attract readers. ‘Free and honest’ means free and honest, not ‘deferential to make appointed officials feel better about themselves.’
There’s icing on the cake, too, for being direct: traffic has been up each month at FREE WHITEWATER.
City, Development, Economy, Free Markets
Planning Commission Meeting for November 12, 2007, Part 1
by JOHN ADAMS •
Here’s my commentary on the November 12th Planning Commission Meeting, Part 1.
Intricacies of Public Meetings
Public meetings run the risk of devolving into intricacy, ‘inside baseball’ commentary, and jargon unfamiliar to most residents. When there are a few committees involved, the risk grows greater. The politics of the Community Development Authority, Planning Commission, and Downtown Whitewater might seem familiar to the small number of citizens involved on them, but it’s unlikely that much of this matters to others. It’s not difficult to understand; on the contrary, it’s often presented as more difficult than it actually is. It’s that most people sensibly don’t care about small, inside matters.
Storage Sheds
A business owner wants to build more storage sheds, and a member of the Planning Commission wondered if Whitewater already has enough storage shed space. It’s a legitimate question, best answered by the business owner, who’s likely to be in the best – though not inerrant – position of knowing.
Apartments at the Dairy Supply Store
The Question: Should the City of Whitewater allow a conditional use of residential space on the first floor of the old Dairy Supply Store? You might say yes, or no. Imagine though, someone who proposes a third option: the city should purchase the property, and destroy it.
That’s so reactionary it’s bold: despite an identified, private, conventional, residential use, the city would buy and destroy the property. That’s probably the worst idea possible. Here are a few of the reasons: (1) The city’s role as real estate purchaser places a burden on the taxpayers to fund these purchases, (2) the city would expend this cost despite an identified, viable private activity, (3) city purchases will encourage unviable enterprises to seek taxpayer-financed purchases, (4) a municipality’s deeper pockets will offer a competitive advantage against the private real estate market, (5) municipal purchases of this type are designed to take a property off the market, thereby decreasing supply, and increasing shortages, (6) taxpayer-financed purchases that take property of the market act are a boon to other commercial owners at the public expense. I could go on, but you see my point…
Presentations: Tami Brodnicki, Bill Bowen. Downtown Whitewater Director Brodnicki read two statements — one from her organization, and a personal statement. Her organization’s statement was not as definitive as she would have liked, and so she stated her opposition herself. It’s a political mistake, surely. The mention of two statements only reveals the gap between her position and that of her organization. It’s a sign that she cannot sway her group’s majority her way — evidence of organizational weakness. When Bowen mentioned that Downtown Whitewater only adopted the milder statement after it could not muster a majority for Brodnicki’s stronger one, he only confirmed Attorney Simon’s point to that effect.
By the way, when Brodnicki mentions the term ‘walkable urbanity,’ she’s referring to a term that urban planner Christopher Leinberger coined in “Turning Around Downtown: Twelve Steps to Revitalization.” His paper’s available from Brookings.
What neither Brodnicki nor Bowen demonstrated is how the proposed project would prevent or appreciably inhibit walkable urbanity. If they want to contend persuasively that walkable urbanity is threatened, they owe it to others to show how that would measurably happen in this case. Otherwise, all they offer is unquantifiable, measureless speculation, wrapped in a clever term. That’s not what Leinberger had in mind.
Presentations: Lawyer vs. Dentist
Attorney Mitchell Simon and Councilman-Dentist Roy Nosek were on opposite sides of the Dairy Store issue. Attorney Simon represented DLK before the board, and sought the conditional use for residential, first floor housing. Dr. Nosek spoke against first floor residential space in the building, fearing that it would prove a “death-knell” for the area.
I can see the value of having an attorney as a both a social matter, a suggestion of the importance to the client, and as evidence of the ability to contest an adverse decision. Everyone in the room knows the attorney, he’s reputed to be skilled in real property law, and his client might be able to use his services if the decision at the Planning Commission proved unfavorable. There’s value in all of that.
When a principal opponent of the conditional use rose to speak, did his remarks – in form and substance – surprise anyone? I cannot imagine that they did. Next time, I’ll start a drinking game for references to death-knells in the neighborhood: a shot of Chivas for each and every time that expression is used. I’ll coat my stomach with buttermilk to make it through the evening.
There’s a theory that some professions attract people who are more risk averse than others. Does this mean – and I’m being serious here – that dentists are ultra risk averse? I only ask because a person who often argues against free market projects may simply dislike the risk, volatility, and vibrancy inherent in all free markets. Fair enough – perhaps someone doesn’t like it, and would favor a regulated, code-enforced, highly-managed municipality. That would be an easy position to take, I suppose, if one received a steady income in a small town from, say, dental patients.
It’s a recipe for stagnation and mediocrity for everyone else. This is not manorial England, and we’ve not produced so much, of such quality, through the techniques of the guild, exclusive charter, and the state-dominated concern. You may imagine yourself as you wish, but the role of stodgy, country squire is ill-suited to America’s tradition of growth and prosperity.
A position is not an argument – you may dislike residential housing, etc., but why — in this case — would it harm the downtown? Why would it harm the downtown more than an empty building with no retail use? To say that it’s inconsistent with other plans is only useful if you can show that consistency makes sense. The presumed importance of consistency is often a false presumption. In most matters in life, it will not harm anyone to have a bit of variation, with one exception: it will offend those for whom inconsistency is a bugbear. It’s harder to make meaningful distinctions than it is to enforce comprehensive uniformity. The imposition of uniformity, though, has an ersatz intellectual power about it – people sometimes fancy themselves clever when they spot differences that they can correct into consistencies.
I’m seldom impressed.
Sensibly, the conditional use was approved on a 4 – 3 vote.
City
Video
by JOHN ADAMS •
Whitewater offer a series of video clips describing different aspects of life in our city.
It’s a good idea, but I have a suggestion to make the idea even better. Why not have videos narrated by residents, who describe different aspects of town? I am not suggesting that these promotional videos say anything critical — that’s not my point. It’s that I think the videos would be more powerful if ordinary people spoke about our small city. They might describe what was most enjoyable to them, or perhaps how Whitewater has overcome a challenge in the past.
I’ll have more about video in a later post.
City, Development, Economy, Free Markets
Common Council Meeting for November 6, 2007
by JOHN ADAMS •
The Common Council cannot tax more, spend more, and hire more, and expect Whitewater to grow more. Whitewater can easily do the first three, but it should not expect the final result. It is, however, what Council must expect now. Time will prove this expectation false.
It’s predictable, though, that — initially — competent planning will produce a few stylish results that will convince people of the merits of planning itself. Along the way, the planner will be certain that he’s right, that his years of experience prove to him that he must be right, and that there is no better way. It’s not just planning, in his mind: it’s his conviction in his supposed smart, clever, well-managed planning that will make these things possible. This is the unstated premise of most planning.
I have read any number of news releases in the Banner about recent improvement to our streets, and how stylish they look, with gushing mention of every detail, including the imitation red brickface etched into their walkways. I’d be remiss if I did not mention that any number of stagnant Wisconsin towns have that same look, now faded without having induced any growth whatever.
An increasingly planned and managed future will not benefit Whitewater. Wait even a few years, and we’ll find that the gap between our city and nearby towns will have widened, to our disadvantage.
Holiday
Happy Veteran’s Day
by JOHN ADAMS •
Elkhorn, Police, Press
Signs of a Broken Police Culture, Part 2
by JOHN ADAMS •
What a surprise – truly – to see the Register report in its 11/8/07 issue that the Walworth County District attorney’s office will not prosecute a felony count against a Whitewater man who was involved in a standoff with the police recently. Outside the man’s residence during the standoff, armed city and county officers reportedly totaled 30 – that’s thirty, for the incredulous.
As it turns out, a county assistant district attorney doubts that she can prove, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the man in the standoff with police was armed. A premise of police concern was that he was armed. (That’s an element of the felony offense that Chief Coan sought in this matter.)
These events offer two surprises. First, even Coan’s friends in Elkhorn – on whom he has counted in the past – see that they can’t support his position in court.
Second, if the account from Carrie Dampier is to be believed, then she knew that the county prosecutor would not seek a felony charge (as Coan wanted) before Coan did. Strange, that the Register would publish the supposed fact of a gap in communication between our police department and Elkhorn.
Can that be true, really and genuinely? Dampier got the jump on Coan, who didn’t get a prior call from the assistant district attorney in Elkhorn, telling him of the news?
Inbox Reader Mail, Police
Inbox: Reader Mail – Signs of a Broken Police Culture
by JOHN ADAMS •
I received an email this week from a reader whose property was stolen during a recent rash of car burglaries. The writer expressed disappointment that the Whitewater Police seemed to have cast blame on him, and others, for not locking their car doors.
Here’s part of what the property owner wrote in his email to me:
After several weekends of free reign throughout the city, our police department has finally caught the three juveniles that have been stealing items from cars and garages. I was one of the victims…. It seems that the Whitewater Police Department does not want our help. Have you heard anything about a neighborhood watch program? It seems to be the policy of the department to believe that if they don’t talk about problems, then they don’t exist. Then, after having my belongings taken out of my car…I and every other victim gets to be ridiculed by the newspaper reports. I quote from the Good Morning article “Police Make Arrest in Recent Rash of Car/Garage Break-ins”. “….These items reflect the fact people are keeping high value items unsecured.”
That’s right, it’s our fault. The fact that three juveniles, weekend after weekend roamed freely, with absolutely no fear whatsoever has absolutely no bearing on the subject. But stand by…they are still investigating. This is no surprise, since in my case, there was pretty much no investigation whatsoever. They took my report, never came to my house, at least when I was home, and have not contacted me on anything unless I contact them first. After all this, they have the audacity to publish articles congratulating themselves on the “big arrest.” I have absolutely no hope of ever getting anything back.
What are the problems with how these burglaries have been handled? There are three:
1. When the department rushed forward with a press statement, they communicated partial and confusing information. In its November 8th issue, even the Whitewater Register reports that Chief Coan sees more than one set of burglaries afflicting our town. That’s a different story from the police press release in the Good Morning Advertiser. (When the current city manager wrote to celebrate ‘great police work’ in this case, I was doubtful, twice over: (1) I was not convinced that the police had a good handle on the extent of these crimes, and (2) most likely, the primary information that the city manager had about the case was from our self-praising police leadership.)
2. Second, it’s possible to communicate the need to lock one’s doors without shaming individual property owners. It’s not a small point: it’s revealing that the police show little sympathy for these property-crime victims (implying that they had it coming, so to speak). It’s also contradictory to Jim Coan’s published opinion that all fault in criminal matters lies with the alleged wrong-doer. Not in this case, apparently.
A broken police culture, based on blame-shifting in which police portray themselves as exceedingly skilled will lead that department to shun consideration of its own thoughts and conduct. (Why did apprehension take so long, are all those involved apprehended, etc.)
3. Third, there’s no one – so far as we can see – who can effectively coach this department to view themselves with humility, and to offer genuine community policing.
Public Meetings
Planning/Architectural Review
by JOHN ADAMS •
Cartoons & Comics
Friday Cartoon Feature
by JOHN ADAMS •
Beautiful Whitewater
Beautiful Whitewater: Stone Stable Dedication November 17th
by JOHN ADAMS •
A few days ago, I visited the Stone Stable site, and walked around the property of that impressive restoration effort. I’ve written about the restoration effort previously, and it is both history and art. There will be a dedication and ribbon cutting effort on Saturday, November 17th at 4 p.m. Here’s the announcement with details of the upcoming dedication:
Stone Stable Dedication
Ribbon-Cutting &
Placement of the Time CapsuleSaturday November 17, 4 p.m.
Reception and refreshments following at City HallAll are welcome!
Commemorative Program & Medal for each attendeeAs a festive and fitting recap of 2007 Whitewater Home-Coming we’re celebrating the completion of the Stone Stable historic reconstruction project. Over 190 donors have made this possible along with volunteer stone cleaners, plan drafters, artists, event planners, wagon drivers, cookie bakers, brainstormers, letter-writers, sign-makers, and more. What a lot of wonderful participation! Thanks to all and please join us for the celebration.
Soon there will be final bills to pay as well as expenses for landscaping and an informative sign. This is your last chance to send a contribution and be on the list of donors to be placed in the Time Capsule. Send your contributions to Stone Stable PO Box 147 Whitewater WI 53190.
The Stone Stable Leadership Group
Ginny Coburn & Jerry Wendt
Carol Cartwright
Kim Clarksen
Dawn Hunter
Bruce Parker
Jim Stewart
Kristine Zaballos
City, Elkhorn, Police
Questions on the Settlement in the Larry Meyer Case
by JOHN ADAMS •
Larry Meyer, now retired, was a controversial member of the Whitewater Police Department, and is the defendant in a federal civil suit. Meyer’s counsel filed a motion for summary judgment in March, but the Fourth Amendment federal constitutional claims of the Plaintiff, Steve Cvicker, survived that motion.
Previously, I have published posts about the damage that Meyer (and Chief Coan) have done to the reputation and administration of justice in Whitewater.
See, for example:
Burying the Story: Update on Larry Meyer
Larry Meyer’s Disgraceful Legacy
Jim Coan and Larry Meyer’s Shameful Legacy
Today, I’ll offer some questions about the supposed settlement in the suit against Larry Meyer. Questions in black, answers in blue.
Q1. In this case, how was announcement of a settlement communicated?
A. In a letter dated September 20, 2007, the attorney for Larry Meyer wrote the court, and stated that a settlement had been reached between the parties. These are the opening words of that letter, a public document: “I am pleased to report that the parties have reached a settlement agreement. We will be submitting a stipulation and order for dismissal in the near future.”
Q2. What does the time since September 20th without a final settlement suggest?
A: Two likely possibilities —
1. That no one’s concerned about rushing to memorialize the final details or
2. That the parties are now in dispute, and that there is not, completely, an agreement between them. Press coverage in the Gazette and The Week suggests that, at time reporting, there was not a full agreement.
Q3. If the parties are still in dispute, why would that be?
A. There are two possibilities –
1. Money. The parties may not be able to come to terms over money. I don’t think it’s money.
2. Wording of agreements: (1) Defendant’s settlement without acknowledgment of wrongdoing, (2) Dismissal of the lawsuit so that plaintiff cannot pursue any of the claims in the lawsuit subsequently, (3) Defendant may be insisting that the plaintiff agree not to discuss any aspect of the lawsuit as a condition of settlement. If number (3) is true, then it involves worry over embarrassment to someone bigger than Meyer.
Q4. If the parties are still in (partial) dispute, why did the defendant’s attorney talk about a settlement in the Gazette
and The Week?
A. There are three possibilities —
1. Defense counsel felt that the parties were very close, and wanted to communicate the fact.
2. Defense counsel felt that the parties were very close, and hoped that press coverage would pressure the other side to settle.
3. Defense counsel felt that the parties were close enough safely to contend at the time of the newspaper interview that settlement was close. That’s a matter of interpretation, though: one party might have a different view of ‘details’ than another party.
Q5. What did Larry Meyer’s counsel say about the settlement as reported in the Gazette and The Week?
A. The Week reported on October 24th that Meyer’s attorney said the sides were still working on settlement details.
Q6. The letter from Larry Meyer’s attorney to the court said that a settlement had been reached. If the press coverage 5 weeks later said that no settlement was final, does that mean that the letter to the court was false?
A. The letter to the court only had to have been true as of the date it was written, September 20th. If, at a later time, the negotiations stalled, the letter would not have been false. (If a letter to the court were knowingly false at the time it was written, then that letter would be a serious breach of legal ethics. Presumably, if the letter were false at the time made, an opposing counsel would seize the opportunity to dispute before the court the statements in the letter.)
Q7. Is settlement an embarrassment for the city and its police department?
A. Yes, definitely. As I noted before, Meyer “will contend that he’s admitted no wrong-doing, but that’s whistling past the graveyard. Meyer would not likely have settled — not Meyer, nor any other excuse-making, self-justifying member of the Whitewater Police Department — if he’d been more confident of his conduct.”
It’s interesting that the settlement story ran in two Bliss Communications publications, the Gazette and The Week, but not the Register. The Register is supernaturally supportive of the Whitewater Police Department and the county’s prosecutors in Elkhorn.
If the story about a possible settlement were wholly favorable to the city, the Register would have published the headline on page one, above the fold, in one-hundred point type. It didn’t, as those flacking for the defense/police must have realized that the story has a downside: settlement is far less than vindication before a jury. Meyer would have to take the stand in a civil suit, and that would be – put mildly – a disaster for him. Here’s the sensible quote that the defense probably didn’t want to see in print:
UW-Whitewater Assistant Professor of Political Science Jolly Emrey said most harassment suits settle because it is the quickest and cheapest. Settling could also save the city embarrassment from what could happen at a jury trial, Emrey said.
At the same time, the Gazette and The Week have been fair, and have had coverage on both sides of the case against Meyer. That’s about all one should hope, but it’s not adequate from the defense/police point of view: they’d surely prefer coverage like the Register’s coverage, with only one side of the story. (I’ve mentioned, though, that the Register offers less than meets the eye; it’s a dismal, failed paper.)
The Week has been fair. That newspaper gave Whitewater Police Chief Jim Coan ample copy to tell his side of the story, for example, on the Star Packaging raid. Coan’s problem is that, even when given a chance to speak, he reveals how weak and empty his claims are. If the city had a public relations firm, Coan would either have received basic media training, or would have been kept from the press. His statements are revealing self-parodies.
Q8. What do the prosecutors in Elkhorn have to do with a federal case?
A. One of them, Assistant District Attorney Dennis Krueger, now with the Wisconsin Attorney General’s Office, offered an affidavit in which he stated that Meyer destroyed evidence gathered in an investigation, and did not follow prosecutor’s instructions.
If the case against Meyer progressed, through additional depositions or to trial, UWW Professor Emrey’s quote about “embarrassment” might prove all too true, for Meyer, Coan, others in Whitewater, and Elkhorn.
City, Inbox Reader Mail
Inbox: Reader Mail (City Managers)
by JOHN ADAMS •
I received an email this week asking me about my opinion on the difference between the current City Manager, Kevin Brunner, and his predecessor, Gary Boden. The email’s in black, and my reply is in blue.
Question: Just wanted to know what your opinion was of the former city manager, Gary Boden compared to the current city manager?
Adams: Simply, I’d say that Boden was a more temperamental and idiosyncratic manager. It may seem surprising, considering the circumstances of Boden’s departure, but I’ve met two sensible people recently argued the case for how good Boden had been for Whitewater. They contended that, in many ways, Boden began a focus on Cravath and downtown that anticipated the current administration’s focus. They supported the current approach, and felt that Boden deserved credit for his earlier work along those lines.
Whatever the merits of the argument, Boden’s time in Whitewater ended tempestuously. I cannot imagine any circumstances in which the same outcome would befall our current city manager. It’s just not possible, because this is a much more conventional, ‘professional-standard’ administration.
Anyone who has spent any time in a successful, modern corporation would recognize the style, manner, and outlook of the current administration. That’s not meant as an insult — it’s just a straightforward contention — for better and worse. There’s great strength in a steady, even-toned approach, and this is a steady, even-toned approach.
The current administration’s emphasis on decorum and politeness is useful, almost always. (Decorum and politeness were not, I think, principal aspects of Boden’s approach.) It has challenges, though: (1) it may discourage hearing hard news, and (2) it may discourage confronting misconduct in others. If all were well here, these things wouldn’t matter.
I am not convinced that Boden, had he remained in office, would have planned along lines similar to the current administration. He, too, though, emphasized planning.
In that fundamental way, the former and current administrations are similar.



