Good morning, Whitewater.

We’ll have a probability of showers today, with a high of sixty-four. Sunrise is 6:33 and sunset 7:22, for 12h 48m 38s of daytime. The moon is a waxing gibbous with 96.3% of its visible disk illuminated.

There’s beauty in hockey, but not just the game. Clearing the ice during a game is almost a synchronized sport all its own:

On this day in 1917, Pres. Wilson asks Congress for a declaration of war against Germany:

Washington, April 2 — At 8:35 o’clock tonight the United States virtually made its entrance into the war. At that hour President Wilson appeared before a joint session of the Senate and House and invited it to consider the fact that Germany had been making war upon us and to take action in recognition of that fact in accordance with his recommendations, which included universal military service, the raising of an army of 500,000 men, and co-operation with the Allies in all ways that will help most effectively to defeat Germany.

Resolutions recognizing and declaring the state of war were immediately introduced in the House and Senate by Representative Flood and Senator Martin, both of the President’s birth-state, Virginia, and they are the strongest declarations of war that the United States has ever made in any war in which it has been engaged since it became a nation. They are the administration resolutions drawn up after conference with the President, and in language approved and probably dictated by him, and they will come before the two Foreign Affairs Committees at meetings which will be held tomorrow morning and will be reported at the earliest practical moment….

Before an audience that cheered him as he has never been cheered in the Capitol in his life, the President cast in the lot of American unreservedly with the Allies and declared for a war that must not end until the issue between autocracy and democracy has been fought out. He recited our injuries at Germany’s hands, but he did not rest our cause on those; he went on from that point to range us with the Allies as a factor in an irrepressible conflict between the autocrat and the people. He showed that peace was impossible for the democracies of the world while this power remained on earth. “The world,” he said, “must be made safe for democracy.”

Here is the Thursday game in the Flower Arrangements series from Puzzability:

This Week’s Game — March 30-April 3

Flower Arrangements

We’re having a garden party this week. For each day, we’ve taken a word or phrase, added to it the letters in the name of a flower, and rearranged all the letters to get a new phrase. Both pieces are described in each day’s equation, and the flower name is given.

Example:

Stop suddenly, as a baseball pitcher in mid-throw + NARCISSUS = cocktails made with vodka and coffee liqueur

Answer:

Balk, Black Russians

What to Submit:

Submit both pieces, with the shorter one first (as “Balk, Black Russians” in the example), for your answer.

Thursday, April 2

Great Depression decade + ANEMONE = sports-based saying that means you need to work together to achieve a goal, not just on your own

Good morning, Whitewater.

We’ll have a warm and sunny Wednesday in town, with a high of sixty-eight. Sunrise is 6:35 and sunset 7:21, for 12h 45m 44s of daytime. The moon is a waxing gibbous with 91.9% of its visible disk illuminated.

A person’s single bad meal, leading to illness, is forever memorable to him or her. How, then, can animal scavengers survive meal after meal of rotting carcasses? Here’s how:

On this day in 1945, Americans landed on Okinawa, the beginning of an intense fight to take that island from Japan. The New York Times reported on the landing the next day:

Guam, Monday, April 2 — The United States Tenth Army landed yesterday morning on Okinawa, main island of the Ryukyus, 362 miles from the Japanese home islands. This morning found the invaders three miles inland and holding two airfields, with the defenders retreating all along the eight-mile landing line.

The veteran doughboys and marines met amazingly light resistance from the minute they landed yesterday at 8:30 A.M. They pushed up the steep slopes from the landing beaches with ease, although the shore was dominated by enemy guns on high ground.

Marines took the Yontan airfield at the northern end of the beachhead while Army troops captured the Katena airdrome in the southern area.

In his second communique on the operation Admiral Chester W. Nimitz at 9:30 A.M. today reported:

“United States forces on Okinawa advanced inland rapidly throughout the first day of the assault and by 18:00 (6 P.M.) on April 1 (East Longitude date), forward elements of the Twenty-fourth Army Corps and Marine Third Amphibious Corps had expanded in the beachhead to a three mile depth at several points. Enemy resistance continued to be light.

The Battle of Okinawa lasted over two months’ time, until the few remaining Japanese soldiers on the island capitulated in mid-June, and was the largest amphibious assault of its kind in the Pacific.

On this day in 1970, Wisconsin’s MLB team is founded:

1970 – Milwaukee Brewers Founded
On this date the Milwaukee Brewers, Inc., an organization formed by Allan H. “Bud” Selig and Edmund Fitzgerald, acquired the Seattle Pilots franchise. The team was renamed the Milwaukee Brewers, a tribute to the city’s long association with brewing industry.

Here’s the Wednesday game from Puzzability:

This Week’s Game — March 30-April 3

Flower Arrangements

We’re having a garden party this week. For each day, we’ve taken a word or phrase, added to it the letters in the name of a flower, and rearranged all the letters to get a new phrase. Both pieces are described in each day’s equation, and the flower name is given.

Example:

Stop suddenly, as a baseball pitcher in mid-throw + NARCISSUS = cocktails made with vodka and coffee liqueur

Answer:

Balk, Black Russians

What to Submit:

Submit both pieces, with the shorter one first (as “Balk, Black Russians” in the example), for your answer.

Wednesday, April 1

Legoland or Disney World, for example + CROCUS = bad guys who bypass digital security

Good morning, Whitewater.

Month’s end will be increasingly sunny with a high of fifty-four. Sunrise is 6:37 and sunset 7:20, for 12h 42m 51s of daytime. The moon is a waxing gibbous with 89.5% of its visible disk illuminated.

Whitewater’s Fire & Rescue Task Force meets this afternoon at 5:30 PM.

On this day in 1889, the Eiffel Tower opens to the public:

The Eiffel Tower (French: La tour Eiffel … is an iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It was named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. Erected in 1889 as the entrance arch to the 1889 World’s Fair, it was initially criticised by some of France’s leading artists and intellectuals for its design, but has become both a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world.[1] The tower is the tallest structure in Paris and the most-visited paid monument in the world; 6.98 million people ascended it in 2011.[2] The tower received its 250 millionth visitor in 2010.[2]

The tower is 324 metres (1,063 ft) tall,[2] about the same height as an 81-storey building. Its base is square, 125 metres (410 ft) on a side. During its construction, the Eiffel Tower surpassed the Washington Monument to assume the title of the tallest man-made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years, until the Chrysler Building in New York City was built in 1930. Because of the addition of the aerial atop the Eiffel Tower in 1957, it is now taller than the Chrysler Building by 5.2 metres (17 ft). Not including broadcast aerials, it is the second-tallest structure in France, after the Millau Viaduct.

The tower has three levels for visitors, with restaurants on the first and second. The third level observatory’s upper platform is 276 m (906 ft) above the ground,[2] the highest accessible to the public in the European Union. Tickets can be purchased to ascend by stairs or lift (elevator) to the first and second levels. The climb from ground level to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the walk from the first to the second level. Although there are stairs to the third and highest level, these are usually closed to the public and it is generally only accessible by lift.

On this day in 1998, the Brewers begin regular-season play as a National League team:

1998 – Brewers Go National
On this date the Milwaukee Brewers played their first game as a National League Team, losing to the Atlanta Braves at Turner Field. The Brewers’ transfer, the first since the American League was formed at the turn of the century, was necessary to create a 16-team National League and a 14-team American League. [Source: “Brewer’s Timeline” on the team’s official Web site].

Here’s the Tuesday game in Puzzability‘s Flower Arrangements series:

This Week’s Game — March 30-April 3

Flower Arrangements

We’re having a garden party this week. For each day, we’ve taken a word or phrase, added to it the letters in the name of a flower, and rearranged all the letters to get a new phrase. Both pieces are described in each day’s equation, and the flower name is given.

Example:

Stop suddenly, as a baseball pitcher in mid-throw + NARCISSUS = cocktails made with vodka and coffee liqueur

Answer:

Balk, Black Russians

What to Submit:

Submit both pieces, with the shorter one first (as “Balk, Black Russians” in the example), for your answer.

Tuesday, March 31

Fully sprouted, as a flower + TULIP = Billy Joel hit that featured Christie Brinkley in the music video

Good morning, Whitewater.

Monday will be increasingly cloudy with a high of fifty-six. Sunrise is 6:39 and sunset 7:19, for 12h 39m 57s of daytime. The moon is a waxing gibbous with 78.8% of its visible disk illuminated.

On this day in 1867, Secretary of State William Seward signs a treaty (soon thereafter ratified) that proves to be a good deal for America:

U.S. Secretary of State William H. Seward signs a treaty with Russia for the purchase of Alaska for $7 million. Despite the bargain price of roughly two cents an acre, the Alaskan purchase was ridiculed in Congress and in the press as “Seward’s folly,” “Seward’s icebox,” and President Andrew Johnson’s “polar bear garden.”

The czarist government of Russia, which had established a presence in Alaska in the mid-18th century, first approached the United States about selling the territory during the administration of President James Buchanan, but negotiations were stalled by the outbreak of the Civil War. After 1865, Seward, a supporter of territorial expansion, was eager to acquire the tremendous landmass of Alaska, an area roughly one-fifth the size of the rest of the United States. He had some difficulty, however, making the case for the purchase of Alaska before the Senate, which ratified the treaty by a margin of just one vote on April 9, 1867. Six months later, Alaska was formally handed over from Russia to the United States. Despite a slow start in U.S. settlement, the discovery of gold in 1898 brought a rapid influx of people to the territory, and Alaska, rich in natural resources, has contributed to American prosperity ever since.

Puzzability begins a new series with the name of a flower in each clue. Here’s Monday’s game:

This Week’s Game — March 30-April 3

Flower Arrangements

We’re having a garden party this week. For each day, we’ve taken a word or phrase, added to it the letters in the name of a flower, and rearranged all the letters to get a new phrase. Both pieces are described in each day’s equation, and the flower name is given.

Example:

Stop suddenly, as a baseball pitcher in mid-throw + NARCISSUS = cocktails made with vodka and coffee liqueur

Answer:

Balk, Black Russians

What to Submit:

Submit both pieces, with the shorter one first (as “Balk, Black Russians” in the example), for your answer.

Monday, March 30

Placido Domingo and Luciano Pavarotti, for example + LILAC = Guinevere’s knight lover

Good morning, Whitewater.

Palm Sunday in town will bring rain, with the possibility of sleet in the morning, and a high of forty-four. Sunrise is 6:40 and sunset 7:17, for 12h 37m 03s of daytime. The moon is a waxing gibbous with 70.9% of its visible disk illuminated.

Scientist Patrick Moore contends – absurdly, really – that it would be safe to drink Roundup herbicide. He went on French television to say as much, and when an interviewer offered him a glass to test Moore’s conviction, he became…less confident:

(Moore’s been identified as Monsanto lobbyist, but Monsanto denies any business relationship to him.)

The interviewer’s question seems fair: in this case, why won’t Moore put his claims about others’ risks to his test?

On this day in 1973, the United States completes her withdrawal of combat troops from Vietnam:

U.S. Forces Out of Vietnam; Hanoi Frees the Last P.O.W.

By Joseph B. Treaster

Special to The New York Times

Saigon, South Vietnam, March 29 — The last American troops left South Vietnam today, leaving behind an unfinished war that has deeply scarred this country and the United States.

There was little emotion or joy as they brought to a close almost a decade of American military intervention.

Remaining after the final jet transport lifted off from Tan Son Nhut air base at 5:53 P.M. were about 800 Americans on the truce observation force who will leave tomorrow and Saturday. A contingent of 159 Marine guards and about 50 military attaches also stayed behind.

The fighting men were gone, but United States involvement in South Vietnam was far from ended.

When Gen. Frederick C. Weyand presided over the furling of the colors of the United States Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, this afternoon, he told a handful of American servicemen, “You can hold your heads up high for having been a part of this selfless effort.”

In a second address later on in the afternoon, delivered in halting Vietnamese, General Weyland declared: “Our mission has been accomplished. I depart with a strong feeling of pride in what we have achieved, and in what our achievement represents.”

As the last American commander in Vietnam said good-bye to the huge white tropical building that was sometimes called Pentagon East, a force of 7,200 American civilians employed by the Department of Defense was standing under the eaves.

Good morning, Whitewater.

We’ll have a sunny Saturday with a high of thirty-eight in town.  Sunrise is 6:47 and sunset 7:16, for 12h 34m 09s of daytime.  The moon is a waxing gibbous with 61.9% of its visible disk illuminated.

For the Friday FW poll, asking whether respondents thought tonight’s NCAA Elite Eight game would go to Wisconsin or Arizona, the response was resounding: 80% responding went with the Badgers.

The Badgers animated video below has had 21,150,678 views on YouTube (and counting):

It’s the anniversary of America’s worst nuclear power accident:

The Three Mile Island accident was a partial nuclear meltdown that occurred on March 28, 1979, in one of the two Three Mile Island nuclear reactors in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was the worst accident in U.S. commercial nuclear power plant history.[2] The incident was rated a five on the seven-point International Nuclear Event Scale: Accident With Wider Consequences.[3][4]

The accident began with failures in the non-nuclear secondary system, followed by a stuck-open pilot-operated relief valve in the primary system, which allowed large amounts of nuclear reactor coolant to escape. The mechanical failures were compounded by the initial failure of plant operators to recognize the situation as a loss-of-coolant accident due to inadequate training and human factors, such as human-computer interaction design oversights relating to ambiguous control room indicators in the power plant’s user interface. In particular, a hidden indicator light led to an operator manually overriding the automatic emergency cooling system of the reactor because the operator mistakenly believed that there was too much coolant water present in the reactor and causing the steam pressure release.[5]

The accident crystallized anti-nuclear safety concerns among activists and the general public, resulted in new regulations for the nuclear industry, and has been cited as a contributor to the decline of a new reactor construction program that was already underway in the 1970s.[6] The partial meltdown resulted in the release of unknown amounts of radioactive gases and radioactive iodine into the environment. Dire predictions were made by anti-nuclear movement activists;[7] however epidemiological studies analyzing the rate of cancer in and around the area since the accident, determined there was a small statistically non-significant increase in the rate and thus no causal connection linking the accident with these cancers can be made.[8][9][10][11][12][13] Cleanup started in August 1979, and officially ended in December 1993, with a total cleanup cost of about $1 billion.[14]